Additionally, progressive motility was lower and immotility was higher at 42 ☌ than 38 ☌ and/or 40 ☌ (close to the body temperature of the Tree Sparrow). Progressive motility was similar at 38 ☌ and 40 ☌, but a greater percentage of slow progressive sperm was detected at 38 ☌ compared to 40 ☌ and 42 ☌. Sperm motility parameters remained statistically unchanged at 1‒9 min. In this study, we chose the Tree Sparrow ( Passer montanus) as the object to evaluate sperm motility parameters, including sperm motility, sperm velocity and sperm movement trajectory, at different analysis time, temperatures and pH using the WLJY-9000 CASA system. To date, no standardized protocol is available that would permit to assess sperm kinetic characteristics in passerine birds and this lack precludes any comparison of sperm swimming ability and sperm quality across species. However, the sperm motility parameters assessed by a CASA system can be affected by various factors, including instrument components and settings, sperm preparation or analysis procedures. Sperm motility parameters, which can be measured objectively and repeatedly by a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system, are important indicators of sperm quality.
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